# Geographic review — 9 October 2026

This index supplies 220 country / territory label points and 551 exact historical place-name keys, covering 792 of 1078 historical records before evidence-layer restrictions. All records remain available in the research list, including those withheld from the map.

Country label points come from Natural Earth's 1:10m admin-0 map units. They are symbols for the source-defined whole country, not sites where the population lives. The selected label point is an indexing aid; it does not redefine a source's borders. United Kingdom uses a label point on Great Britain. Country totals must never be summed where geographic definitions overlap.

Modern locality coordinates come from GeoNames cities500, downloaded 9 October 2026. Matching uses country plus exact normalized name or a reviewed alias, with homonyms explicitly resolved by province and historical context. No fuzzy nearest-name match is accepted. A quarter or synagogue record positioned at a city reference point is labeled as approximate town-level geography.

Ancient site references come from Pleiades' published JSON export, downloaded 9 October 2026. The selected records are listed by canonical Pleiades URL in each map entry. Coordinates are rounded to 0.001 degrees and retain the reference-point limitation. Identification of a place does not independently corroborate any Jewish population claim.

Sources and reuse:
- GeoNames contributors: https://www.geonames.org/ — Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Export: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip
- Natural Earth: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ — public-domain geographic data. Export: https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/master/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_map_units.geojson
- Pleiades contributors: https://pleiades.stoa.org/ — Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ . Export: https://atlantides.org/downloads/pleiades/json/pleiades-places-latest.json.gz . Modifications: selected records, rounded reference coordinates, added research-name associations.

The geographic index is separate from the workbook evidence. Correcting coordinates does not change the evidence's date or population estimate. Unknown locations, disputed ancient identifications, broad historic polities and unreviewed multi-place records remain unplotted. Additional field-level review is still needed; this is not a completed gazetteer of every historical settlement.

## Historical place keys without coordinates

- AF|Ghur / Jam cemetery
- AF|Jahudanak, probable Balkh suburb
- AO|Angola; locality unspecified
- AR|Clara colony, Entre Ríos
- AR|Jewish agricultural colonies; multiple provinces
- AR|Mauricio colony, Buenos Aires province
- AR|Moisés Ville, Santa Fe
- AW|Aruba
- AZ|Qırmızı Qəsəbə, opposite Quba
- BR|Dutch Brazil
- CH|Endingen and Lengnau
- CM|Cameroon — Beth Yeshourun
- CM|Sa’a and Yaoundé
- CM|Sa’a, Yaoundé and Douala — Beth Yeshourun
- CN|Dandan Öïliq / Khotan region
- CN|Khotan / Hetian region
- CV|Santo Antão, São Vicente, Boa Vista and Santiago
- CW|Curaçao
- CY|Cyprus
- DE|Medieval empire; geographic extent not modern Germany
- DZ|Vichy camps across Algeria
- EG|Al Bubizig; identification unresolved
- EG|Alexandria and Egypt to its southern boundary
- EG|Damira; identification unresolved
- EG|Egypt; Jacob’s arriving household
- EG|Egypt; locality unspecified
- EG|Egypt; origin region
- EG|Goshen / land of Rameses
- EG|Heluan; identification uncertain
- EG|Herakleopolite district; station unspecified
- EG|Krokodilopolis; property at Apias
- EG|Lammanah; identification unresolved
- EG|Migdol in Egypt
- EG|Muneh Sifte; identification unresolved
- EG|Pathros / Upper Egypt
- EG|Pithom
- EG|Raamses
- EG|Rameses to Succoth; Egyptian departure route
- EG|Samnu; identification unresolved
- EG|Schedia Menelaïs
- EG|Simasim; identification unresolved
- EG|Tahpanhes
- EG|Tanis / Tinnis; identification requires review
- EG|Trikomia, Fayum
- EG|Wilderness of Sinai; camp not securely located
- ER|Eritrea
- ER|Massawa to Asmara
- ES|Majorca / Mallorca
- ES|Menorca / Minorca
- ET|Dambiya
- ET|Semien highlands
- ET|Semien highlands and Dambiya
- ET|Woggara
- FJ|Fiji
- GB|England
- GB|England, including London
- GB|Ospringe
- GE|Urbnisi
- GF|Cayenne island / colony
- GF|Rémire / Cayenne
- GH|Gold Coast; town unspecified
- GH|North of Accra; exact workplace unspecified
- GH|Sehwi region; House of Israel
- GR|Achelous; exact town uncertain
- GR|Argos and Corinth
- GR|Crete
- GR|Crete; origin region
- GR|Crissa
- GR|Demetrizi; identification unresolved
- GR|Euboea
- GR|Gardiki; identification unresolved
- GR|Jabustrisa; identification unresolved
- GR|Lesbos / Mytilene
- GR|Rabonica; identification unresolved
- GR|Sinon Potamo; identification unresolved
- GR|Thessaly, Boeotia, Aetolia and Attica
- GR|Vissena; identification unresolved
- GY|Berbice
- GY|Essequibo
- GY|New Middleburgh / Pomeroon River
- GY|Nieuw Middelburg / Pomeroon River
- GY|Pomeroon River colony
- ID|Dutch East Indies; scattered settlements
- IE|Anglo-Norman Ireland; settlements unspecified
- IE|Ireland; audience with Tairdelbach Úa Briain, exact locality unknown
- IL|Adullam
- IL|Alma
- IL|Beth-Pelet / Bethphelet
- IL|Dibon in Judah; not Dibon in Moab
- IL|En-Rimmon / Enrimmon
- IL|Gerar; precise site unresolved
- IL|Hazar-Shual / Hazarshual
- IL|Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh and Hazor; northern kingdom
- IL|Jekabzeel
- IL|Jeshua / Yeshuah
- IL|Kiriath-jearim, Chephirah and Beeroth; cross-border group
- IL|Lachish and Azekah
- IL|Lod, Hadid and Ono
- IL|Mekonah / Meconah
- IL|Moladah
- IL|Nabratein / Navoria
- IL|Negev; precise camp unspecified
- IL|Southern Levant; exact settlement not specified
- IL|Zanoah
- IL|Ziklag; location debated
- IL|Zorah and Jarmuth
- IN|Andrapolis; location unresolved
- IN|Chaul / Ṣaymūr
- IN|Malabar coast
- IN|Navgaon / Konkan coast
- IQ|Adiabene; northern Mesopotamian kingdom
- IQ|Adiabene; royal court
- IQ|Al-Anbar
- IQ|Al-Yahudu and neighboring Babylonian settlements
- IQ|Babylonia and neighboring territories
- IQ|Babylonia; rural settlements unspecified
- IQ|Casiphia / Kasiphia; site unknown
- IQ|Charax Spasini; southern Mesopotamian court
- IQ|Chebar canal / Tel-abib in Babylonia
- IQ|Hadara; identification unresolved
- IQ|Halah; Assyrian district, exact location unresolved
- IQ|Mesopotamia; origin region
- IQ|Nehardea / Neerda
- IQ|Pumbedita academy
- IQ|River Ahava; exact waterway unknown
- IQ|Sura academy
- IQ|Ukbara
- IQ|Ur of the Chaldees; identification debated
- IR|Cities of the Medes; unspecified
- IR|Fars province; city unspecified
- IR|Parthia, Media and Elam; broad origin regions
- IR|Rudbar; identification unresolved
- IR|Tabaristan; identification unresolved
- IT|Catania or Rome; origin disputed
- IT|Sardinia
- JO|Ammon; locality unspecified
- JO|Edom; locality unspecified
- JO|Moab; locality unspecified
- JO|Plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho
- JO|Succoth, east of the Jordan
- KR|South Korea; military locations unspecified
- KZ|Semipalatinsk region
- LB|Mount Lebanon / Druze districts
- LB|Phoenicia
- LB|Phoenicia / Phenice; city unspecified
- LI|Eschnerberg: Eschen, Mauren and Nendeln
- LI|Vaduz, Nendeln, Schaan and Eschen
- LV|Piltene / Courland
- LY|Cyrenaica to camps, chiefly Giado
- LY|Libya near Cyrene
- MA|Boujad
- MA|French-zone Morocco
- MA|Ifrane
- MA|Ifrane Anti-Atlas / Oufrane
- MA|Im Fout labor camp
- MA|Souk-el-Arba
- MG|Ampanotokana community
- MG|Antananarivo area
- MX|Mexico; Cortés expedition, locality unspecified
- MX|Mexico; Masonic temple hall, city unspecified in source
- MX|Mexico; destination towns unspecified
- MX|Mexico; execution locality unspecified in consulted entry
- MX|Pánuco region / landing locality
- NA|Namaqualand coast / Pomona area
- NC|New Caledonia
- NG|Nigeria
- PE|Lima–Callao community using Baquíjano cemetery
- PF|Tahiti
- PL|Greater Poland / Wielkopolska; charter issued at Kalisz
- PS|Ananiah
- PS|Anathoth
- PS|Azmaveth; site identification unresolved
- PS|Beit Nuba
- PS|Bethel / Luz
- PS|Bethel and Ai
- PS|Between Bethel and Ai
- PS|Dothan
- PS|Gaza / Gaza-Maiumas synagogue
- PS|Geba, Michmash, Ai and Bethel
- PS|Geruth Chimham, near Bethlehem
- PS|Gittaim
- PS|Hazor in Benjamin; not northern Hazor
- PS|Jerusalem and Judah; returnee aggregate
- PS|Judah; rural localities unspecified
- PS|Judah; towns and countryside, cross-border modern index
- PS|Michmas
- PS|Mizpah in Benjamin
- PS|Na’aran, near Jericho
- PS|Neballat
- PS|Netophah; site identification unresolved
- PS|Nob, in Benjamin
- PS|Ramah and Geba
- PS|Ramah in Benjamin
- PS|Zeboim
- PT|Azores archipelago
- PT|Faial, Azores
- PT|Roman villa near São Bartolomeu de Messines, Silves
- PT|São Jorge, Azores
- PT|São Miguel, Azores
- PT|Terceira, Azores
- PT|Terceira, Azores (landing place uncertain)
- RU|Atil / Itil–Khazaran, lower Volga
- RU|Khazar polity; capital location uncertain
- RU|Samandar / Semender, northeastern Caucasus
- RU|Samkush / Samkerts; proposed Tamatarkha / Tmutarakan
- SE|Stockholm, Gothenburg and Norrköping
- SK|Schlossberg and Zuckermandel, Bratislava suburbs
- SN|Coast between Cap-Vert and Cap-Roxo
- SN|Joal and Porto d’Ale / Portudal
- SN|Petite Côte
- SN|Petite Côte; exact locality unspecified
- SN|Petite Côte; specific locality requires original-text review
- SN|Petite Côte; specific station unspecified
- SN|Porto d’Ale / Portudal
- SN|Portudal / Porto de Ale
- SN|Portudal / Porto de Ale; locality attribution disputed
- SN|Portudal and Joal
- SN|Portudal, after landing at Joal
- SO|British Somaliland
- SO|Italian Somaliland
- SR|Cassipora
- SR|Jodensavanne
- SR|Thorarica
- ST|São Tomé island
- SY|Habor / Gozan region
- SY|Qal’at Ja’bar
- SY|Qarqisiya
- SY|Rahba
- SY|Syria and Coele-Syria
- SY|Syria; household of Naaman, precise locality unspecified
- TN|German labor and detention camps across Tunisia
- TN|Mahdia and Monastir
- TN|Northwestern Algerian–Tunisian borderlands
- TO|Ha’apai
- TO|Tonga
- TR|Akmoneia / Acmonia
- TR|Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia
- TR|Kales; identification unresolved
- TR|Kyme or Phokaia; attribution unresolved
- TR|Lydia and Phrygia
- TR|Pamphylia, Cilicia, Asia, Bithynia and Pontus
- TR|Pera / Constantinople: Karaites
- TR|Pera / Constantinople: Rabbanites
- TR|Pontus; Aquila’s birthplace
- TW|Taiwan
- UG|Eastern Uganda / Mbale region
- US|Roanoke Island, North Carolina
- VI|St Thomas
- YE|Himyar
- YE|Himyar, southwestern Arabia; city unspecified
- YE|Mawza'
- YE|Ānis region
- ZW|Southern Rhodesia / Zimbabwe


## Edition 2.13 geographic review — 10 October 2026

The 166 new observations include 75 with reviewed reference coordinates. The other 91 concern broad historical regions, cross-border totals, an unnamed survey sample, unspecified or unresolved ancient locations, or historical country scopes requiring boundary review. They remain searchable; no city location is invented for them.

New city aliases use the official GeoNames cities500 export, with modern country and historical context checked. Leszno is the western Polish city, not the smaller namesake near Warsaw. Brody is in Ukraine. Kazimierz counts use an explicitly labeled associated Kraków city reference, not a claimed precise quarter boundary. Uruk, Sippar and Borsippa use reviewed Pleiades ancient-site references.

Population estimates do not establish exact arrival, continuous occupation or a universal departure. No complete-departure flags were added. Broad regional estimates remain withheld from point mapping rather than being represented at an arbitrary capital.


## Edition 2.14 geographic review — 10 October 2026

This pass adds 720 evidence observations, including 646 with reviewed locality, archaeological-site or country reference coordinates. Coordinates do not claim precise historical Jewish quarters, buildings or population boundaries. The disputed Elche building remains withheld from Jewish population dots even though its site coordinate is known. Regional aggregates and unresolved named places remain searchable without invented points.

New city references use the official GeoNames cities500 export, restricted by country and reviewed modern aliases. Ambiguous matches were reviewed explicitly: Příbram in Bohemia, Slavkov/Austerlitz near Brno, Metz in Lorraine, Ferrara in Emilia-Romagna, Satu Mare city, Trnava in western Slovakia, and Rabat on Malta rather than its Gozo namesake. Rabat is a city reference, not an exact catacomb entrance. Aquincum uses an associated modern district reference, not a claimed Roman synagogue coordinate. Saranda uses the university catalogue’s archaeological-site coordinates. Bangor’s Welsh/Northern Irish namesake remains unlocated pending context review.

The recent national series uses country reference points. Historical comparisons for AD1939/1945 remain withheld until their source-specific territorial footprints are reviewed; they are not silently mapped onto present-day borders. Combined country groups are not allocated without evidence.

Three explicit scoped source reports record complete local departures: Frankfurt Judengasse AD1614 (later return AD1616), Jelgava AD1915 (later return), and Davydkovo village AD1951 (not Moscow city). The Frankfurt Judengasse closure also applies to the reviewed city alias for this documented citywide expulsion. Neighboring cities and later settlement remain visible. Satu Mare AD1715 remains a reported expulsion without confirmed complete departure; partial losses and surviving remnants elsewhere do not become zeros.

## Edition 2.15 geographic review — 11 October 2026

This African pass adds 535 evidence observations, including 397 with reviewed reference coordinates. Exact, country-restricted locality aliases use the GeoNames export. Coordinates represent a locality, island or country, not an exact Jewish home, synagogue, parish footprint or historical boundary. Unidentified Ethiopian parishes, unnamed internment camps, broad regions and unresolved ancient sites remain searchable without invented dots.

Cape Verde island counts use reviewed island or associated municipality references with explicit precision labels. Historical Ribeira Grande on Santiago is Cidade Velha, as UNESCO confirms; its prior map alias incorrectly used the namesake on Santo Antão and is corrected. Original historical evidence is preserved.

The source-defined units remain intact. Recent observations are country-level. Permanent-resident absence does not imply absence of visitors, and partial migration or conversion does not become universal geographical departure. Every new complete-departure record retains an explicit source scope and date; no departure is inferred from declining census totals.

## Edition 2.16 geographic review — 12 October 2026

This pass adds 674 Asian evidence observations, including 446 with reviewed reference coordinates. Ancient Sippar, Nippur and Babylon reuse the existing scholarly gazetteer references. Fāknūr/Barkur follows the Princeton Geniza Project’s historical-port reference. Modern city references are country-restricted and represent associated localities, not exact Jewish houses, synagogues, census boundaries, camps or graves.

Namesake locations were checked against the historical setting: Farahabad in Mazandaran, Khorramabad in Lorestan, Kainsk/Kuibyshev in Siberia rather than Samara, Manali in Himachal Pradesh, Srinagar in Kashmir, Nagasaki port, Surabaya in East Java, Bandung in West Java, and Hanoi. Indian city-and-cantonment, town, district and princely-state counts retain their source-defined footprints and are not additive. Broad districts and regions remain unlocated; no district-to-capital fallback is used.

Shingly is not plotted as medieval Songkhla after the scholars’ corrected reading. Kalah and al-Jāwa are not forced into modern country boundaries. Undated events, uncertain property associations and disputed identity claims are withheld or qualified. Exact camp sites and unresolved ancient settlements remain searchable without invented dots.

Mosul’s AD 1950–1955 and Irbil town’s AD 1951 complete-departure statements are explicitly scoped local reports. Khaybar’s AD 642 expulsion retained protected families and is not a complete closure. Conversion, institutional closure, declining counts, persecution and partial departures do not establish universal physical absence. Recent observations are country-level only; alternative citizenship, ethnicity, membership and core definitions remain separate.


## Edition 2.17 geographic review — 12 October 2026

This Middle East study adds 414 observations, including 329 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Modern city aliases are country-restricted; ancient sites use reviewed scholarly gazetteers. The dot identifies an associated locality, not exact houses, graves, synagogue buildings, historical district or census boundaries. Unlocated ancient villages, wider districts, undated reports and unresolved identity claims remain searchable without invented dots.

Historic Palestine census boundaries retain their original scope. AD 1922 Jaffa includes Tel Aviv; the AD 1931 separate Jewish subtotals are not all-inhabitant counts. Whole Jerusalem municipal counts span current IL/PS divisions and are not national allocations. Police-post, military-station, attached-suburb and neighborhood counts are distinct and overlapping. Associated-city references carry an explicit precision qualification.

Hilla, Kirkuk and Koy Sanjaq have explicit source reports of complete local migration, each within its reported date window. Sulaymaniyah retained a family and Bahrain retained residents. Partial expulsion, massacre, conversion, loss of institutions or shrinking population does not justify an all-residents physical-exit flag. New records after AD 1975 are country-level only; alternative demographic definitions do not replace current core estimates.

Three earlier Egypt WJC entries retain their original dates and numeric values but are now qualified as disputed by Krämer’s AD 1927/1937 census table. Competing dates are evidence alternatives, not additive populations. Earliest patriarchal chronology and prior map conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.18 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Central America study adds 169 observations, including 154 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. All seven countries have new observations. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases identify associated towns; a dot does not claim exact homes, synagogues, refugee sites or census boundaries. Province and district totals are not placed at arbitrary capitals.

Panamá Viejo uses UNESCO component 1582rev-005 (N9 0 23.97, W79 29 6.98), separately from the later Casco Antiguo. The colonial Guatemala capital is Antigua/Santiago de Guatemala; later Guatemala City is separate. Traders’ town associations do not prove continuous permanent settlement. Undefined isthmian ports and historic Canal Zone totals remain searchable without invented point locations.

Accusations with unknown living dates, proposed settlements and mixed-identity family or marriage cohorts cannot size Jewish population dots. Original units and overlapping national/city scopes remain explicit. All new observations after AD 1975 are country-level; current core estimates are preserved while previously unknown Belize and Nicaragua receive source-defined recent community figures.

No new complete physical-departure flags are inferred. Nicaragua retained people after AD 1979 emigration. Declining numbers, lost religious identity, conversion, institutional closure, passports issued abroad and unexecuted refugee plans do not establish universal physical absence. The biblical chronology and previous map conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.19 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Oceania study adds 571 evidence observations, including 357 with reviewed reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases identify associated localities, not exact Jewish homes, synagogues, camps or colonial census boundaries. State, province, historic district, island-group and wartime service footprints retain their source scope; broad aggregates are not assigned to arbitrary capitals.

Australian and New Zealand religion censuses retain original person counts. Individual settlers, prisoners, families, synagogue members and service attendees remain distinct. After AD 1975 new observations are country or territory-level only; core estimates are preserved, and previously unknown recent country figures retain the source's definition.

Hawaiian localities are indexed under the present United States while retaining the kingdom, territory or state period in qualifications. Northern Mariana Islands records, where present, are separate from Guam. Native Christian lost-tribe claims, surnames, ancestry, Torah ownership and proposed refugee settlements do not establish Jewish residents. Uncertain identities, undated evidence and unsupported boundaries remain qualified or withheld from dots.

No death, conversion, institutional closure, departure of an individual, or declining census count is treated as universal physical migration. Existing historical evidence, biblical chronology and grayscale conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.20 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Russia study adds 703 observations, including 596 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases and existing reviewed archaeological references identify associated places, not exact Jewish homes, synagogues, quarter boundaries or historical census footprints. Unresolved Caucasus villages and broad governorates remain searchable without invented dots.

Nakhichevan-on-Don refers to the historic town incorporated into Rostov-on-Don, not Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan. Regional and city census counts, soldiers, families, pupils, refugees and named traders retain separate units and overlapping scopes. The questioned Phanagoria AD 16/17 inscription is withheld from population dots; a restored prayer-house attribution is challenged by a recent inspection of the original stone. Earliest surviving evidence does not establish first arrival.

The national demographic series preserves its original territorial and identity definitions. Russian Federation, Russian Empire and Soviet Union totals are not interchangeable. The source table that retrospectively includes Crimea is retained as a qualified comparison and withheld from country dots pending territorial harmonization; this is a source-footprint description, not a political boundary assertion. Existing AD 2025 core population estimates are preserved. New observations after AD 1975 are whole-country only.

Partial migration, declining counts, conversion, deaths and synagogue closure do not establish complete physical departure. Old evidence rows and biblical chronology remain intact. Alternative readings and census figures are not additive; unresolved originals and conflicts remain in the issues and reading queue.


## Edition 2.21 geographic review — 14 October 2026

This North America study adds 1023 observations, including 736 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames references identify associated towns. States, provinces, combined metropolitan areas and unresolved colonial sites are not assigned to arbitrary city capitals. A point does not identify an exact home, synagogue, quarter, camp or historical census boundary.

United States references are restricted to the stated state and Canadian references to the stated province. Single named community/metro estimates retain their source-defined footprint at an explicitly qualified associated city reference. Barbados parish returns use associated parish points; Sint Eustatius, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Trinidad and Martinique island totals use island references. Martinique has a separate territory index and unknown recent count. Thule/Pituffik follows the official military-base reference, distinct from Qaanaaq; Kangerlussuaq and Kangilinnguit postings use associated locality references.

Historical census categories, named people, families, households, synagogue members, refugees and military personnel retain their original units. City and national totals overlap and are not additive. Decade brackets and uncertain date intervals represent the evidence, not continuous residence. First evidence does not establish first arrival.

National estimates after AD 1975 retain different census, survey, core and household definitions. Current core estimates remain intact. Ancestry, Christian converso descent, unexecuted settlement proposals and religious categories that include unquantified other identities do not establish an unqualified living Jewish headcount. Such records remain searchable with their qualifications or withheld from population dots.

Declining counts, deaths, conversion, closing institutions and partial departures do not establish that all residents physically migrated away. Recorded complete departures require an explicit source and scope. Earlier evidence, biblical chronology, grayscale settings, map playback options and cluster interactions are preserved.

The explicit AD 1896 departure applies only to the final Blank’s Lake colony residents, not the surrounding Red Deer/Pine Lake district. Its exact colony site remains unresolved and unplotted. Two previous Canadian national observations receive qualification-only census comparisons; their original date, count and source cells remain intact.

## Edition 2.22 geographic review — 14 October 2026

This classical-author study adds 163 observations, 93 with reviewed reference coordinates. Ancient places follow the Pleiades scholarly gazetteer or already reviewed associated city references. A point does not identify the author's precise residence, a synagogue, a battle, a prison, a historical district or every Jewish resident.

Unresolved Galilean villages, disputed Taricheae and Peraean Gadara identifications, broad territories and document-only city associations remain explicitly qualified or withheld from dots. The Peraean Gadara is not assumed to be Decapolis Gadara/Umm Qais. Province totals are not allocated to capitals. Changed borders do not determine Jewish identity or source chronology.

Residents, named converts, visitors, ambassadors, captives, combatants, festival crowds, elders and occupied dwellings retain their original units. Literary counts are not exact censuses; casualty totals are not resident stocks. Parallel texts and nested cohorts are not added together. Event dates, writing dates and uncertain reconstruction windows remain distinct.

Justus's histories are lost. Photius and Josephus provide indirect notices and testimony, with Josephus's hostile perspective stated. No lost book is claimed to have been consulted. First attestation is not first arrival, and death, partial expulsion or closing a synagogue does not establish complete physical migration. Earlier observations, biblical chronology, current national estimates and the map's date ordering are preserved.


## Edition 2.23 geographic review

This study adds 35 classical-writer observations, 13 with cited associated locality references. Original fields, current country estimates and biblical chronology are preserved.

Cicero's collection centres are evidence of Jewish Temple funds, not independently established urban living headcounts. Pliny's Essene location is not automatically Qumran. Satire, origin myths, uncertain identity and undated testimony have withheld dots. Siege populations and visitor groups do not size resident bubbles. Ancient regions are not assigned an arbitrary capital. Source quantities retain their units; no universal departure is inferred from legal orders or deaths.